Experimental design of Empa treatment in mice in which HF was induced using TAC. (A) Urine glucose levels are shown for vehicle-treated and Empa-treated HF mice (B) (n = 3). Ejection fraction (ï) of vehicle-treated (C) and Empa-treated (D) mice with HF and expressed as change from baseline (E) and pre and post gavage (F) based on echocardiographic assessment (n = 10 to 13). Results are mean ± SEM. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate pre- versus post-gavage data (C, D). Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test (E) and repeated measures 2-way ANOVA followed by Sidak multiple comparisons tests (F). **p < 0.01 versus baseline. Empa = empagliflozin; HF = heart failure; TAC = transverse aortic constriction.